PS Lesson 06
Photoshop is my superpower, making the impossible possible.
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Theory 6: Typography kerning, leading, and tracking
Theory 6: Typography kerning, leading, and tracking
Letter and line spacing are important aspects of typography in design. They refer to the adjustments made to the spaces between individual letters and lines of text to achieve a visually pleasing and balanced layout. In this overview, we will explore three key spacing processes: kerning, leading, and tracking.
Kerning
Kerning
Kerning refers to the space between two letters or characters. There are extremes to kerning; letters can be too far apart or too close together. Both extremes will effect the legibility and readability of type. In this image, the letters are disproportionately spaced out.
The goal is to have proportional spacing between characters; pay special attention to serifs, flourishes, and angular letters like A, W, or V to achieve a consistent appearance. Kerning is usually reserved for medium to larger text and headlines, as those letters are more noticeable when the spacing is out of balance.
How to alter kerning
How to alter kerning
To change the spacing between individual characters, activate the Type Tool (T) and move your cursor between your chosen letters. Hold down Option and use the right or left arrow keys to move the letters closer or farther apart.
If you want to use the Character palette, navigate to the kerning drop down, and select from the menu or use the up and down arrows. Negative values will bring the two letters closer together, while positive values will increase the distance between the letters.
Leading
Leading
Leading consists of the vertical spacing between lines of contiguous text. This term came from the days of typesetting when individual pieces of lead were inserted between text blocks to increase the vertical distance between lines. Like kerning, leading can impact the readability and legibility of type. Big gaps between lines of text can make reading more difficult and disrupt the reader’s flow, so don’t go too crazy with leading.
While Adobe defaults the leading to Auto when you type paragraphs, the program often does not account for the ascenders and descenders that might overlap.
Tracking
Tracking
Tracking, like kerning, adjusts the distance between letters. The only difference between these two is that tracking focuses on the space between all letters in a word instead of two letters. Use this tool with great caution, as too much tracking can make reading a lot more difficult.
To concider:
Keep an eye on serif and script letterforms when adjusting kerning – they require extra attention to ensure consistency.
When typing out long paragraphs of body text, it is best to increase leading to keep your audience following along; long lengths of cramped text will be tiring to read.
Use the tracking tool sparingly, like to add emphasis to headings.
Name it:
Name it:
Do you know what the correct names are for the typographic elements indicated by the red arrows?
Find the answers at the bottom of this page.
Task 6: Retouching and Restoring Image
Task 6: Retouching and Restoring Image
Retouching in Photoshop is a technique used to enhance or modify images by making subtle adjustments or corrections to various aspects of the photo. It involves editing specific areas of an image to improve its overall appearance, remove imperfections, or create desired effects.
Retouching techniques in Photoshop can include tasks such as removing blemishes, wrinkles, or other skin imperfections in portrait photography, adjusting exposure or color balance, smoothing or sharpening specific areas, removing unwanted objects or distractions, and enhancing details or adding creative effects.
The goal of retouching is to achieve a more polished and visually appealing final image while maintaining a natural and realistic look. It is commonly used in various fields such as fashion, beauty, product photography, and digital art to enhance the visual impact of the images.
Clone Stamp Tool
Clone Stamp Tool
The Clone Stamp Tool allows you to select a portion of your image and repeat it into another portion of your image within the same layer.
If you don’t see the Clone Stamp Tool in the Toolbar, it may be hidden behind the Pattern Stamp Tool. If you can see it, access it by typing “S.”
You can adjust the Clone Stamp Tool the same way as the Brush and Eraser Tools — just adjust its values at the top of the application window.
With the Clone Stamp Tool selected, hover your cursor over the area of your image that you wish to repeat. Hold down the ALT key (OPTION on a Mac) and click on the image. The cursor will change shape and will appear as a target symbol.
Then, move your cursor to the new area of your image where you wish to duplicate the original portion of the image. Click and “paint” with your cursor; the portion of your image that you originally sampled will appear in the new area of your image.
The Clone Stamp Tool takes a bit of practice to master, but it’s useful once you become comfortable with it. You can use it to create multiple images of a single product within the same frame, or to remove blemishes or spots on a product’s surface.
Healing Brush Tool
Healing Brush Tool
The Healing Brush Tool selects a portion of your image and blends it into another portion of your image within the same layer.
Can’t see it? It might be hiding behind the Spot Healing Brush Tool, Patch Tool, the Content-Aware Move Tool, or the Red Eye Tool. If you can see it, you can access the Healing Brush Tool by keying “J.”
To use the Healing Brush Tool, hover your cursor over the area of your image that you want to sample. Hold down the ALT key (OPTION on Mac) and click on the sample area (the cursor will become a target symbol when you hold down ALT/OPTION).
Move your cursor to the area of the image that you want to blend your sample into. Click and hold your mouse to “paint” with your cursor in the new area of your image. The Healing Brush Tool will sample the original portion of your image and paint it over the new area of your image, blending the pixels together.
Like the Clone Stamp Tool, you’ll need some patience to become a pro with the Healing Brush Tool. But it could be a better option than the Clone Stamp Tool to remove spots or blemishes from a product image, depending on the image and what you need to do to it.
Task 6: Retouching images
Task 6: Retouching images
Download the photo's from the Google Drive folder
Follow the steps in the video and try to understand what you are doing. Know the theory behind it.
Remove and reduce flaws
Brighten the teeth
Add makeup
Save with compare view.
Study 6: LinkedIn Learning
Study 6: LinkedIn Learning
LinkedIn Learning
Watch the video's from "Cert Prep: Adobe Certified Associate - Photoshop" chapter 6.
Domain one is the most difficult because it's a lot of theory, but you must master it!
The answers... Did you got them all?
The answers... Did you got them all?
X-height
The x-height refers to the height of the lowercase letters in a typeface, specifically the height of the letter "x" excluding any ascenders or descenders. It is an important measurement as it defines the overall visual proportions and legibility of a typeface.
Baseline
The baseline is an imaginary line upon which the base of each character in a line of text rests. It serves as a reference point for aligning and positioning characters within a line of text. All the characters in a font are aligned along this baseline, providing stability and consistency to the text.
Serif
A serif is a small decorative stroke or line that is added to the ends of the main strokes of a letter. Serifs can be found on many typefaces and are categorized as either "serif" or "sans-serif" based on the presence or absence of these strokes. Serif typefaces are often associated with a more traditional or formal style, while sans-serif typefaces have a more modern and clean appearance.
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